Censorship Of The Chinese Communist Party - 1786 Words

When one uses the internet in China, the person must always understand†¦ he or she is being watched. In China, over 100,000 government enforcers work to censor or block unwanted information from Chinese and foreign websites. Much of this information being shot down includes talk of democracy, the very opposite of the Chinese Communist Party’s ideas. Censorship of internet and media in China has been brought by its Communist government who have wanted to shield the Chinese people from undesired ideas, such as democracy, that could start a large revolt of citizens demanding government reforms. On October 1, 1949, Mao Zedong founded the People’s Republic of China after he and his Communist supporters defeated the nationalists, beginning a new era for China of strict totalitarian rule. When Mao died in 1976, the country was left in ruins from Mao’s failed plans. A new leader, Deng Xiaoping, emerged and made reforms allowing open-market capitalism in the economy that changed China into a powerful country. Yet, Deng stayed with a totalitarian government that still had harsh crackdowns such as the June 4, 1989 Tiananmen Massacre and today censorship law. Some may argue that it is necessary the Chinese government continue to censor foreign websites and information in order to ensure the public’s safety and trust. Although the Chinese government states that censorship is necessary to ensure citizens’ safety, it will threaten the country’s future success because it constrictsShow MoreRelatedThe Communist Party And Its Influence On Chinese Citizens946 Words   |  4 Pagesrun by a Communist party, the sheer size of its population that could be translated into military power, or all of the above. The general widespread concern that Americans have is a bit easier to pinpoint: the thought of a Communist run country successfully becoming a major world power. After learning more about China, its government, and its people, I fi nd it interesting just how many misconceptions I had about how life in China works. The way Americans perceive the Communist Party and its influenceRead MoreThe Journalistic Practices Of China1024 Words   |  5 Pagespolitical leaders. Through extensive research, I have found that the political situation in China can be classified as extremely restrictive, especially concerning journalism and news media as a whole, due to the communist rule currently implemented by president Xi Jinping of the Chinese Communist Party. While it’s clear that China’s economic situation has improved drastically over the past few years, their political situation remains stagnant. Current issues present in China’s political situation that AmnestyRead MoreHuman Rights Violations in China - Should Western Companies Continue to Do Business with China?1636 Words   |  7 Pagesrights violations and the values of the Chinese population will be analysed. Furthermore, the impact of these violations on the business world will be discussed. Human rights violations in China China is one of the last five communist states in the world. The People’s Republic of China is led by the Communist Party of China (CPC). They implement heavy restrictions in many human rights areas. The Chinese constitution foresees fundamental rights for all Chinese citizens such as, the freedom of speechRead MoreComparative Analysis Of The Press And Its Role On Civil Liberties1378 Words   |  6 PagesChina is failing to establish democratic principles; this is especially demonstrated through government implemented censorship programs. The problem of government censorship and freedom, or lack thereof, of the press is much more prevalent in China than in Japan. This can be attributed to the two varying types of governments present within the two countries, China ruling through a communist state and Japan enforcing a parliamentary government with a constitutional monarchy. Freedom of the press is directlyRead MoreEssay on Censorship in China907 Words   |  4 PagesChina is one of the most controlled countries in the world. The Chinese constitution states that the people of China have freedom of speech, of the press, and of demonstration. However, this article in the constitution also states that the Chinese government has the authority to censor anything in the country when freedom of speech or of press could potentially be harmful to the country. So, in China, you are free to speak, but only about what the government says is okay to talk about. Also, protestingRead MoreThe era of Communist China and the Cultural Revolution963 Words   |  4 PagesThe era of Communist China and the Cultural Revolution (1949-1976) marked a significant period in the history of China. Ongoing conflict between the Communist Party of China (CPC) and the Nationalist Party, Kuomintang (KMT), led to the Chinese Civil War (1945-1949). In 1949, the CPC, who allied closely with the Soviet Union, defeated the Nationalist Party and took control of mainland China. CPC’s le ader Mao Zedong established the People’s Republic of China which is also commonly known today as CommunistRead MoreInternet Censorship in China Essay1997 Words   |  8 Pagesis the Police day of Egypt; let’s get to Tahrir Square to express our ideas.† Even though Egypt government shut down the Internet, it did not stop people. Western Companies provided services of posting Twitter through telephone. Maybe the Chinese communist party feels glad as it had already blocked the websites such as Facebook and Twitter years ago. Although most countries positively evaluated the Egypt revolution, countries such as Russia and China, are not happy with the failure of MubÄ rak. AccordingRead MoreThe Economic Development Of China1420 Words   |  6 Pagesbecome one of the world’s largest economies. The seeds of this rapid economic growth were planted in 1978 when the Chinese Communist Party started to introduce capitalist market principles. This was done by moving from a centrally planned to a market based economy. The shift away from traditional Marxist policy created a scarcely concealed capitalist culture in China masked by a communist facade. One can argue that with wealth comes a much higher level of education. The economic development in ChinaRead MoreThe Use Of Censorship On The Human Brain1378 Words   |  6 Pagesbe shown in Communist government’s use of censorship of material to â€Å"brainwash† its people, especially subjects pertaining to capitalism. First used in the 1950s during the Korean War, brainwashing was used to describe the methods on how Chinese Communists influenced the actions of their prisoners. This can best be explained by the change in psychological behaviors experienced by American prisoners. In this case, American prisoners became highly susceptible to Communist influences asRead MoreHow Democratic Is China? Essay1727 Words   |  7 Pagesfree and fair elections, the protection of minority groups, the respect of human rights, and governed by majority rule . The People’s Republic of China (of which will be referred to as its conventional short form China) has established itself as a communist state, being one of the few remaining functioning ones in the world. This report will be answering the question â€Å"how democratic is China?† and will be looking at multiple variables to measure that, using a combination of variables from the models

Essay about The Effect of Age on Communication - 672 Words

Sir Richard Branson said â€Å"Don’t be embarrassed by your failures, learn from them and start again.† (Branson). Failing at communication is not something that anyone wants to do but can be a great learning experience if happens. Failing at communication is not discriminatory it affects us all. However, does age have an effect on communication? What are some characteristics of a generational era and some examples? Does technology play role in how one communicates today and does it affect our communication skills? Effect of Age on Communication Age and communication do they affect each other or are we the listener, of different ages, receive information differently? One can perceive that they do affect each other. People of different ages†¦show more content†¦An example, a baby boomer is not influenced by the most current technology. It doesn’t mean that they can learn to use it but the technology doesn’t influence their lives like it does to to day’s generation. The baby boomers are leaving the workplace and being replaced by younger generations so the baby boomers don’t need to adapt to all the new technology. The words and nonverbal cues that are used by baby boomers are not the same as today’s generation. Baby boomers don’t tend to use slang as much as newer generations. When younger generations are speaking to older generations, the speaker needs to take into account what appeals to that audience and make sure to be clear and enunciate. It never hurts to include visual aid to make sure that your intended message is being received. Also, when different generations are speaking to each other, what verbal cues are good or off putting. In other words be sure to do your homework on your audience so that you know the message you are sending will be received as intended. Role of Technology and Information Age One only has to watch TV to know that new technology is coming out daily. Scott Wiess wrote â€Å"The technological growth of the world is beyond what any of us expected to see so soon †¦ and innovation and adaptation is key to business success in today’s economy.† (Wiess para 13). Technology is here to stay and as it does it will affect howShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Juvenile Delinquency On The Criminal Justice System1691 Words   |  7 Pagesfactors that influence this type of behavior. The relationship between a nontraditional family structure and delinquency differs according to six distinct circumstances: gender, race, age, socioeconomic status (SES), family size, and place of residence (Kierkus and Hewitt, 2009). After analyzing these circumstances only age and family size affect the family structure/delinquency relationship considering that teens suffered from parental attachment. Researchers before have always focused on one or twoRead MoreThe Generational Shift in Communication Essay1132 Words   |  5 PagesI believe that one’s age and generation do not affect their leadership style nearly as much as there life experience, motivation, and knowledge. A leader can be successful at any age, if they are willing and eager to constantly adapt their communication styles to accommodate their followers’ needs. However, within each generation there are different values and management styles and if an individual resists adapting to newer methods and neglects to embrace change they will not be a successful leaderRead MoreThe Ageing Process And Its Effects On Ill Placed Discrimination1430 Words   |  6 Pagessociety through their experience. Yet their apparent age has connotations of limitations believed by many, even by older people themselves. It may be assumed that older people in society are incapable of independence. This may be due to the pres ence and maintenance of older age stereotypes. These negative generalisations affect the older population negatively (Nelson, 2016). Since they can lead elderly people to believe they are incapable due to their age as the main factor. This causes older people toRead MoreFamily Structure And Juvenile Delinquency1626 Words   |  7 Pagesfactors that influence this type of behavior. The relationship between a nontraditional family structure and delinquency differs according to six distinct circumstances: gender, race, age, socioeconomic status (SES), family size, and place of residence (Kierkus and Hewitt, 2009). After analyzing these circumstances only age and family size affect more the family structure/delinquency relationship considering teens who suffered from parental attachment are older and come from larger families (KierkusRead MoreFamily Structure And Juvenile Delinquency1671 Words   |  7 Pagesother factors that influence this type of behavior. The relationship between a nontraditional family structure and delinquency differs according to six distinct circumstances: age, gender, race, socioeconomic status (SES), family size, and place of residence (Kierkus and Hewitt, 2009). After analyzing these circumstances only age and family size affect more the family structure/delinquency relationship considering teens who suffered from parental attachment are older and come from larger families (KierkusRead MoreFamily And Communication : The Positive Effects Of Family Communication931 Words   |  4 Pagesof studies have shown that family effects the way we all communicate. Believe it or not, a family is one of the key components to why we act and speak the way we do now. Family communication can have a positive and negative impact on people’s lives depending on how he or she has been spoken to as a child and a growing adolescent. Family Communication can have an effect on people depending on who their head parent or guardian is in their life. Fa mily Communication can even affect our identity as humanRead MoreNotes On Social Information Processing Theory1746 Words   |  7 PagesCoding Sheets 1 2 (Social Information Processing Theory) Coding Sheet 1 APA citation Lee, J., Lim, Y. (2014). Who says what about whom: Young voters’ impression formation of political candidates on social networking sites. Mass Communication Society, 17(4), 553-572. doi: 10.1018/015205436.2013.816743 Rationale or justification (page #: 553-555, 566-569) This topic is important because it allows us to gauge people’s perception and impressions of certain cues in the web environment. The researchRead MoreA Research Study On Communication And Language Development1474 Words   |  6 Pagesdiscussed in the articles. The reference for this article is: Brown, J. A. Woods, J. J. (2015). Effects of a triadic parent-implemented home-based communication intervention for toddlers. Journal of Early Intervention, 37, 44-68. doi: 10.1177/1053815115589350. 2. Authors Brown and Woods thoroughly explained their background for the research study. Most of the background research focused on communication and language development. Numerous parent-implemented interventions were mentioned such as theRead MoreThe Dangers Of Early Sexual Activities848 Words   |  4 Pagesconsequences that are tied with having sex at an early age, and building communication between the parent and child for prevention of onset to early sexual activities. There are many medical and heritage foundations that have taken a large interest in parent child communications on the early onset of sexual activities and are being driven to conducting studies to help both the students and the families get educated and assist them with communication on adolescent sex. I’m specifically looking at HispanicRead MoreThree Factors That Affect Non Verbal Communication1000 Words   |  4 PagesThree factors that affect non verbal communication We are always communicating in some sort of way and that may not necessarily mean we are saying something. Within today’s rapidly growing organisations, there are a lot of different types of communications that effect interactions between people in a business no matter how big or small the business may be. ‘An organization is a stable, formal social structure that takes resources from the environment and processes them to produce outputs’ (BIS

Impact of Motivation-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Impact of Motivation in reducing Employee turnover in working Organization. Answer: Introduction Motivation is the factor that develops a need and energy in an individual to achieve a goal and fulfill a purpose of an endeavor. Motivation works on many levels in a business organization (Maslow 2013). A company conducts various events and meetings in order to keep in touch with the resource and in the way also keep them motivated to work. It is an abstract vision which drives a person to achieve better results it can be from the senior to junior level it can be from the point to achieve sales margin or profit margin (Elliot, Dweck and Yeager 2017). Employees are the strength of an organization regardless of the scale, industry or the market value of the company. It is important for an business organization to make efforts of retaining trained and skilled employees. Employee turnover is the amount of resource that leaves and joins the organization in a specific period of time. The cost bearded by the organization in this transition of a person enrolling in an organization and leaving the organization for whatever reason it may be is sometimes huge and effects the operation of the institution in a large way. It is calculated by a simple formula which states is employee turnover = number of people who leave / average number of employees. There are two types of employee turnover the voluntary where the resource is willingly leaves the organization and the involuntary turnover where an individual is terminated from the contract by the organization (Easterby-Smith, Thorpe and Jackson 2012). Some of the basic impact of large employee turnover is in terms of productivity, decline in customer services, profit in the long run and increased cost (Hausknecht and Holwerda 2013). About the organization Credit Suisse is a multinational financial institution that has it headquarters based in Zurich. It was established in the year 1856 and now it has its branches in around 50 countries. There are almost 47,170 employees who work in the organization all over the world. There are three divisions in the institution that serve the clients according to their needs. The three divisions are Swiss Universal Bank, International Wealth Management and Asia Pacific. Since inception the organization has gathered goodwill from the clients and also as a workplace form the employees (Stanley 2013). Purpose of research The purpose of this research is to understand the way motivation affects the mindset of the employees. The research will discuss how motivated and inspired employees can have a positive impact on the resources that are unhappy with the organization (Co?ar, Guner and Tybout 2016). An employee who is unhappy or is planning to leave the organization invariably will have a low production and will also make others think in a similar way. It is up to the management to look after the welfare of the employees and to discuss the reasons for their low performance so that decisions can be made to reform and enhance the productivity of the workforce (Herman, Huang and Lam 2013). The workforce of an organization is its backbone and hence attention should be paid to their grievances and complains. Actions should also be taken so that no resources feel negatively about the company. This report aims to understand the affect of motivation on staff turnover on organizational performance where Credit Suisse is the subject of case study. The following are the objectives that are to be inferred by the end of this study: To recognize the amount of staff turnover at Credit Suisse To scrutinize the effect of resource turnover on the performance of Credit Suisse To understand the improvement and strategy plan that can be implemented by the management of Credit Suisse to decrease the amount of employee turnover and stabilize the overall performance of the organization To determine how motivation and inspiration acts a benefactor regarding the staff turnover issue This topic is significant to me as I am interested in business management and want to be an entrepreneur in the future. The staff turnover issue is a relevant problem which is often neglected by the management until the issue has aggravated to a point where it has severe effect on the production and profit of the company. Weather an organization is small or big the resource turnover is a very sensitive and tricky situation to handle. There should be proper methods and approaches set by the management to deal with such a criteria. It has been observed that motivated and inspired employees offer a greater production and helps the organization to reach its goal. Reference List: Co?ar, A.K., Guner, N. and Tybout, J., 2016. Firm dynamics, job turnover, and wage distributions in an open economy.The American Economic Review,106(3), pp.625-663. Easterby-Smith, M., Thorpe, R. and Jackson, P.R., 2012.Management research. Sage. Elliot, A.J., Dweck, C.S. and Yeager, D.S. eds., 2017.Handbook of Competence and Motivation: Theory and Application. Guilford Publications. Hausknecht, J.P. and Holwerda, J.A., 2013. When does employee turnover matter? Dynamic member configurations, productive capacity, and collective performance.Organization Science,24(1), pp.210-225. Herman, H.M., Huang, X. and Lam, W., 2013. Why does transformational leadership matter for employee turnover? A multi-foci social exchange perspective.The Leadership Quarterly,24(5), pp.763-776. Maslow, A.H., 2013.A theory of human motivation. Simon and Schuster. Stanley, L., Vandenberghe, C., Vandenberg, R. and Bentein, K., 2013. Commitment profiles and employee turnover.Journal of Vocational Behavior,82(3), pp.176-187.

Connect Other Events to Hiroshima Bomb Attacks free essay sample

The book of Hiroshima had many events that can connect to events that have happened throughout time before and after the atomic bomb in Hiroshima, some of these events that relate are: 1)Nagasaki was a major event that could relate the most to the bombing of Hiroshima. They can relate in that Nagasaki suffered the same fate as Hiroshima in August 1945. The bombing of Nagasaki on August 9th was the last major act of World War Two and within days the Japanese had surrendered. Considerable damage was done to both Hiroshima and Nagasaki; the horrific injuries suffered at Hiroshima were also witnessed at Nagasaki. 2)9/11 was the other event that could relate to Hiroshima because they were both unexpected attacks to a country, in which innocent people suffered the consequences. Both attacks hurt both countries and caused major disturbance and made many people afraid of what was going to happen next. Both incidents will always be remembered as unnecessary, unfair and hard to overcome. We will write a custom essay sample on Connect Other Events to Hiroshima Bomb Attacks or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page )The Chernobyl disaster was a catastrophic nuclear accident that occurred on 26 April 1986 at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in Ukraine that also relates to the Hiroshima event because it hurt the people and some died as well. An explosion and fire released large quantities of radioactive contamination into the atmosphere, which spread over much of Western USSR and Europe. It is widely considered to have been the worst nuclear power plant accident in history. 4)Pearl Harbor was another event related to Hiroshima. It was a surprise military strike conducted by the Imperial Japanese Navy against the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on the morning of December 7, 1941. They relate in being unexpected and hurting people as well. 5)The Holocaust was another horrible event where it is estimated that 11 million people were killed during the Holocaust. Six million of these were Jews. The Nazis killed approximately two-thirds of all Jews living in Europe. An estimated 1. 1 million children were murdered in the Holocaust. This relates to Hiroshima in guiltless and innocent people dying and suffering.

Irish culture in Cape Breton Island in Nova Scotia

Table of Contents Introduction Music and Dancing Symbolism Religion Language Conclusion Works Cited Introduction The entry of Irish immigrant in Cape Breton began after the discovery of the island by John Cabot in 1497, this also saw the influx of other communities such as Scottish, French and English in the island.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Irish culture in Cape Breton Island in Nova Scotia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Since then, these communities and others who came afterwards have remained on the island to date. Various historical authors have given the factors why Irish immigrated to Cape Breton. The potato famine, which occurred 1840s in Ireland, is thought to be the driving factor behind their immigration. However, other historians cite that Ireland is a country that has been made up of tenants, laborers and farmers with its economic lifeline dependent on Britain. Hence, these econom ic struggles and challenges with prospects of land ownership in North America motivated them to emigrate. The Irish people carried along their culture to new lands during their emigration; hence, this became a part of their community daily life. In Cape Breton, where they settled between 1700s, they continued to practice their culture besides adopting other cultures among other communities they interacted with. This paper discusses the Irish culture in Cape Breton, Nova Scotia. The writer indicates that the Irish people have continued to preserve their culture over the ages, hence, this is reflected in their music and dancing, symbolism, language, religion among others. Music and Dancing Music and dancing are important elements for a human soul. Music inspires and relaxes the soul, thus bringing about happiness. Similarly, dancing is captivating and is also critical for a person’s mental and physical well-being. Thus, Irish community in Cape Breton has maintained this culture close to their heart. McGee illustrates that Irish people still embrace their traditional music on the island to date (60). Hence, common musical varieties on the island includeAdvertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Anglo-Irish folk songs, Gaelic, pipe and fiddle music among others. Also, McGee (83) indicates that Irish music is a popular among other communities on the island because it is lively and fosters passion. On a similar note, Irish dancing styles are astonishing. The Irish people have continued to uphold â€Å"Step Dancing†, a style of dancing, on the island (Hedican 319). Step dancing is where a dancer swings his/her loose ankle swiftly causing the sole of the shoe to make comical sounds. Similarly, an Irish dancer uses rigid torso and a free leg while dancing to the music rhythm. The uniqueness of Irish Music culture in the island has attracted many young people f rom other communities. Hence, most of them have emulated the music and dancing styles through learning and practicing. Besides, music and dancing culture has encouraged young people to participate in Irish competition such as Feis (Hedican 317). Feli, a form of dancing has been replicated by other cultures, such as Acadian and Scottish living in Nova Scotia. Also, the Irish communities have set aside a period where youngsters are taught about storytelling, local history and community customs. They view these aspects as a part of Irish community living culture. Thus, activities such as â€Å"Kitchen Party† or Ceilidh (a visit) are famous within the community. They provide an opportunity for sharing language, story, song, tracing family roots, and music (McGee, 94). Symbolism For ages, Irish people have revered symbols in their daily lives. They view them as a reminiscence of some phenomenon or certain important events in life. Elliott (140) points out that the most widely reco gnized symbol in the Irish community is the Celtic cross.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Irish culture in Cape Breton Island in Nova Scotia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is a symbol which was used by Irish Catholic communities in 1800s. Hedican (129) cites that the cross was significant to Irish community because it was used to decorate tombstones and jewelry among others during the celebration of Celtic culture. Presently, Houston and William (89) note that this symbol helps Irish people remember significant events in Irish-Canadian history. Also, the names also contain symbolism, which forms a significant part of Irish culture in Cape Breton. According to Houston and William (123), Irish names are unique compared to others in different cultures, thus, it is easy to differentiate them. For instance, Hedican illustrates that a person with a surname starting with O’ is always perceived as a person who has an Irish origin (319). Elliott demonstrates that another significant symbol among Irish in Cape Breton is St. Patrick (136). Irish people recognize St. Patrick as the Patron Saint of Ireland, and the onset of Christianity in Ireland, hence, this day is important for Catholics and Anglicans in residing in Cape Breton. The Irish people celebrate this day by consuming Irish bacon, cabbage and drinks. The Irish people use this day to recall their motherland and bond with their countrymen. Religion Despite some Irish joining with other religions, majority of them is largely Catholics. They follow Catholicism to connect with their native land, which is predominantly Catholics. They have also borrowed architectural styles of building churches from their native country, most catholic churches in Cape Breton bear resemblance.Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Akenson (102) illustrates that this architectural designs show their strong connection with their motherland. Besides believing in Jesus Christ and Mary, they also embrace Saints. They view saints as a link or intermediaries between them and Jesus Christ, hence, the church has set aside specific days for commemorating their feasts (HoustonWilliam 1990). The Catholic adherents believe that drinking is not a bad thing because the church tolerates the act. Their culture views the act as a form of personal relaxation and reduction of frustrations. Consequently, the respect for priests and other church clergies is common among the Irish in Cape Breton (Akenson, 235). The culture of forming a person wholly is also common. This stems from the teaching and traditions of the Catholic Church. Hence, Irish people do not discriminate, favor or deny anyone, especially in their schools, hospitals and in the society as a whole. They allow everybody to benefit from their accomplishments (Akenson, 3 12). Language Elliott illustrates that Cape Breton is a multicultural island with many diversities from different parts of the world (143). Hence, language spoken in the island has contributed to its outstanding uniqueness. Irish language in Cape Breton reflects its widespread culture in the island. It is taught in communities and in institutions of higher learning such as universities. Similarly, language conventions and immersion weekends are common, where Irish language is spoken. Elliott (123)cites that literature supporting Irish is also available in the island. It supports people who want to learn the language and offers guidance on spelling and pronunciation. Conclusion Irish people in Cape Breton have preserved their culture to present. Despite facing changes due to the different factors, such as globalization, the community has endeavored to protect its traditional culture which is evident in music and dance, symbolism, religion, language and others. This preservation has e nsured continuity and preserved history for future generations. Works Cited Akenson, Donald H. Small Differences: Irish Catholics and Irish Protestants, 1815– 1922, 1991. Print Elliott, Bruce S. Irish Migrants in the Canada’s: A New Approach, McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1988. Print Hedican, Edward J. â€Å"What Determines Family Size? Irish Farming Families in Nineteenth-Century Ontario,† Journal of Family History, (2006): 315-334. Print Houston, Cecil Jand William J Smyth.Irish Emigration and Canadian Settlement. Patterns, Links and Letters, Toronto, University of Toronto Press, 1990. Print McGee, Thomas D’Arcy. A History of the Iriih Settlers in North America, Baltimore, Genealogical Publishing, 1982. Print This research paper on Irish culture in Cape Breton Island in Nova Scotia was written and submitted by user Eileen Obrien to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on St. Thomas Aquinas

Reimer-1 The argument for God’s existence has persisted for thousands of years. Many great philosophers have attempted to prove, or disprove the existence of one, or many Gods. One Italian philosopher named Thomas Aquinas offers five different arguments for the existence of the catholic God. One of his arguments, I believe, holds great truth in proving the existence of God. This argument is commonly referred to as â€Å"The Teleological Argument.† Using simple and obvious ideas I will further defend Aquinas Teleological argument against some famous objections. I will do first by explaining the teleological argument. Secondly, by offering simplistic ideas that further defend the argument. Finally by replying to his two most common objections. Aquinas’ fifth argument, commonly called the teleological argument attempts to prove the existence of God. The argument states that unintelligent beings or things tend to act, grow, or develop towards an intelligent goal or end. The following is taken from Aquinas â€Å"Summa Theologica† explaining his teleological argument for God’s existence: The fifth way is taken from the governance of the world. We see that things which lack knowledge, such as natural bodies, act for an end, and this is evident from their acting always, or nearly always, in the same way, so as to obtain the best results. Hence it is plain that they achieve their end, not fortuitously, but designedly. Now whatever lacks knowledge cannot move towards an end, unless it be directed by some being endowed with knowledge and intelligence; as the arrow is directed by the archer. Therefore some intelligent being exists by whom all natural things are directed to their end; and this being we call God.(Aquinas-19) To illustrate consider a natural object that lacks intelligence, much like a tree. When the tree experience a drought it extends it roots down deeper into the soil. It... Free Essays on St. Thomas Aquinas Free Essays on St. Thomas Aquinas Reimer-1 The argument for God’s existence has persisted for thousands of years. Many great philosophers have attempted to prove, or disprove the existence of one, or many Gods. One Italian philosopher named Thomas Aquinas offers five different arguments for the existence of the catholic God. One of his arguments, I believe, holds great truth in proving the existence of God. This argument is commonly referred to as â€Å"The Teleological Argument.† Using simple and obvious ideas I will further defend Aquinas Teleological argument against some famous objections. I will do first by explaining the teleological argument. Secondly, by offering simplistic ideas that further defend the argument. Finally by replying to his two most common objections. Aquinas’ fifth argument, commonly called the teleological argument attempts to prove the existence of God. The argument states that unintelligent beings or things tend to act, grow, or develop towards an intelligent goal or end. The following is taken from Aquinas â€Å"Summa Theologica† explaining his teleological argument for God’s existence: The fifth way is taken from the governance of the world. We see that things which lack knowledge, such as natural bodies, act for an end, and this is evident from their acting always, or nearly always, in the same way, so as to obtain the best results. Hence it is plain that they achieve their end, not fortuitously, but designedly. Now whatever lacks knowledge cannot move towards an end, unless it be directed by some being endowed with knowledge and intelligence; as the arrow is directed by the archer. Therefore some intelligent being exists by whom all natural things are directed to their end; and this being we call God.(Aquinas-19) To illustrate consider a natural object that lacks intelligence, much like a tree. When the tree experience a drought it extends it roots down deeper into the soil. It...

Humans Speak to Humans through Literature Research Paper

Humans Speak to Humans through Literature - Research Paper Example Throughout our studies in literature, it is evident that literature is divided into different fields such as short stories, poems, narratives, and novels. If literature has to remain relevant to the society, then the different subgroups of literature require having a common basis. A critical observation on the different subclasses of literature proves that there is a universal asset or literature. This aspect enhances relevance of literature and hence its continuity and development throughout different generations. This essay will therefore analyse factors that enhance the relevance of literature and its interconnectivity across different generations. Literature has been accused of being biased towards the past generations. In this context, the present generation feels that literature dwells a lot on past occurrences and events with little or no concern about the future and the present generation. This aspect of classic literature has provided basis for the criticism of modern litera ture. However, different criticism on modern literature lack validity since this aspect is critical in the development of modern literature and its significance. However, this model does not nullify the significance or relevance of modern literature. ... The overdependence of experiences in modern literature is therefore, a basis for the creation of modern work. Focusing on experiences also enable artists to compare the past and present life experiences. This comparison strengthens or provides classical literature with a foundation and, it is not a source of irrelevance. The bias of literature towards written literature results from the need to preserve the work of an artist. Although there are numerous ways of storing literature materials, writing remains as the most preferred method. This preference is in relation to the artists and the audience. Different forms of literature including oral narrations are being transformed into written literature. Despite its significance in literature, writing did not exist in the entire history of humanity. This indicates that most works of literature have not been put down in form of writing. It is also obvious that most of the past human experiences have not been written down (Rokeach 167). The re is fear that we might lose our heritage that has been opposed down from one generation to the next in the form of oral narration. Over emphasizing on past life, experiences by classic literature results from the obligation of literature on preserve such works and not a source of irrelevance. Incorporating literature in modern technology minded generation has been an uphill task for artists. This aspect has contributed to the claim that modern literature is irrelevant. In this case, literature is irrelevance because it does not capture the significant issue or features of modern generation. This notion however depends on the perspective of an observer since a rational minded person will be able to visualize

Health Promotion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Health Promotion - Essay Example Campaigns carried out by the mass media helps in exposing a high proportion of the public to health promotion information. Mass media is used as a tool for education on the population on health-related matters (Cook& Frances 2004). Campaigns by the mass media are favorable because they can pass information around, increase awareness and impact a large portion of the population. Interventions by the mass media result in positive health changes on a big scale. These interventions enforce positive health characters in the population. Radio is used by media organizations to broadcast information on health because it can reach many people and still maintain a strong impact. Some media interventions have been classified as cost effective bearing in mind the gains that related to expenditure. Health messages disseminated by the radio are less costly than the television because information on Radio reaches people at their workplaces, in cars and at home. Short educational radio segments are put in between programs when the largest part of the population is tuned in. A research conducted by an American organization found out that the ability people who listen to the radio to recall the broadcast’s details is high even after several months. The findings of the study support the ability of the radio as a mass media tool for disseminating health promotion messages which positively impact listeners. Like other public health campaigns, interventions carried out on the radio must be designed and implemented carefully (Nwaerondu& Thompson 2007). Successful radio interventions use experienced trainers who understand the local community, work together with community leaders, develop programs from existing work that has succeeded in the region, respect accepted and established social structures, use village intermediaries, and encourage uneducated persons to communicate their concerns and ideas

The New Deal, specifically the works progress administration Thesis

The New Deal, specifically the works progress administration - Thesis Example Prior to America’s entrance into this particular battle, the economy in the country was once again faltering, unemployment was, and basic infrastructure needs at an all time high1. Roosevelt’s New Deal was certainly making a solid impact in this area, as many people were involved in programs facilitated by the Works Progress Administration, yet the reality was that much more was needed. With social welfare programs being taxed to the max, entrance into the Second World War actually ended up making the Works Progress Administration obsolete, as wartime jobs were created, and numerous families found themselves entering into a time of renewed prosperity. The United States entrance into World War II was a far more effective economic stimulus than the social welfare programs introduced under The New Deal, and was specifically more helpful to the economy in the long term than was the the Works Progress Administration. In a nutshell, the Works Progress Administration was created as a way out of the Great Depression. With millions wallowing in despair, government coffers nearly empty, and businesses shuttering their doors all around the country, President Roosevelt and his closest advisors were charged with the task of rectifying a dire situation before it spiraled even further out of control. Since businesses could no long employ the masses, the thought was that the government could provided much needed temporary assistance to working people in the formed of training for skilled labor positions and then having them build up an infrastructure in the country that was sorely in need of repair2. It was seen as win-win situation for the country and for society. This section will highlight some of the benefits that were achieved during the Works Progress Administration, leading into the inherent problems that seem to always invade upon large social welfare programs in nearly any society. Signed into law via and executive order in 1935, the Works Progress

Leadership And Teamwork Skills In Caterpillar Management Essay

Leadership And Teamwork Skills In Caterpillar Management Essay The report which I have prepared tells about the ways by which leadership qualities and team success can be improved in an organization. Now days organizations are spending a lot of resources on training the employee to be a good industry leader for coming future. In addition to this organizations are also grooming employees by introducing training and development programs, so that employee can adapt themselves to work in a team. This will help the organization to achieve the optimized output and economic benefits. Introduction Every organization effectiveness and profitability depends on its leadership quality and teamwork. Better they are, better will be the productivity. Organizations goals and commitments can only be achieved, if there is a self regulatory teamwork. Teamwork not only develops the public relation skill in an employee but at the same time develops timely execution of work with accuracy and efficiency. An organization can still be successful if it has an efficient leader but inefficient team. If there is an efficient team and inefficient leader, the company will never be able to compete or be successful in a market. At the current time of recession, leaders visualize the changes need to bring in an organization and consider this periods as an opportunity to diversify them. In practical life it is been observed that leadership and teamwork goes hand to hand. They both are two sides of a coin; they both are mostly use in place of one another. It is very difficult to differentiate them. Leadership Discussion on leadership is not a new area of topic. It is been discussed and criticized from the ancient times. Leadership is very complex and it is applied universally but still there is no general definition of leadership as it is studied and practiced in number of ways, which require different definition of each. Kotter believes that leadership is not a trait with which a person is born with, it can be developed; it can be made perfect by exposing to the working environment of an industry or can be learned as life is an ongoing learning process at each single step (Kotter J. P, 1999). According to Stogdill, leadership is a process which involves social phenomena in which an employee exercises power and influences group or an entity behavior to achieve desired goals (Stogdill, 1974). Useem defines leadership as a Subject of making a difference in which an organization chooses reasonable alternatives to get a particular work done by mobilizing and motivating employee (Mullins L. J, 2009). Teamwork In todays world, time is a luxury. This in future will be very less so organizations give priority to the teamwork, as its speeds up the process. It is experienced that, when an employee of an organization work in a team. It makes an organization move ahead in a precise direction. This also make easy for them to implement changes (Kotter J. P, 1996). Katzenbach and Smith define teamwork as a small number of people with complementary skills, who are committed to a common purpose, performance and goal, and approach for which they are mutually accountable (Katzenbach and Smith, 1999). From a long time its been observed and debated that group work and teamwork are both different entity in an organization. They both distinct each other on the basis of the mutual responsibility for a common goal, In addition to this leadership style also differ in both of them. For example in teamwork there is a shared or a rotating leadership. Where as in a group there is a solo leadership (Robbins, 2005). As a consultant for Caterpillar, I will be going through their leadership and teamwork programme and will be giving them recommendation on ways of increasing leadership and teamwork success. C:Documents and SettingsadMy DocumentsMy Picturescaterpillar_logo.gif Leadership and teamwork qualities in Caterpillar Caterpillar is a multinational company with a turnover of 22.7 billion pounds and with its operation in more than fifty countries with manpower of 100,000. Caterpillar is not a manufacturer of a single product; it has a wide range of portfolio from Cat logistic, Cat financial, Cat rental to Cat cranes. Their success and increase in market share to large extent goes to its leadership qualities and teamwork success. In Caterpillar there are around 8500 leader and 6500 supervisors (Caterpillar Inc. annual report, 2003). Mr. Benjamin Holt is an owner of a Caterpillar, which come in fortune 500 companies and they are ranked 44. Mr. Benjamin Holt has the following leadership qualities: Diversity and safety: diversification in terms of race, customs or comprehensive knowledge or variety of different other thing which will lead to the new ideas. This at last will be beneficial for the development of a new product. For example, for this they recruited people from minorities group and females in there groups. He also believed, if there is less injury to his employees. Then number of days without work will be less. This will ultimately result in minimization of cost. So he always emphasis on safety of his employees (Kirkpatrick. D. L, Kirkpatrick J. D, 2006). Integrity: Mr. Benjamin believes that his company foundation is based on the honesty and the commitments which he makes with his employees, customers and business associates. Risk taker: after creating an impact on the American, South American and European countries. Now caterpillar is trying to invade Indian and china market with huge investments, as these markets are not catered with the services provided by them. (Caterpillar Inc. annual report, 2003). A leader in a caterpillar has the following role to play: Leader ensures the safety and the sustainability- Caterpillar believes that their success totally depends upon the safety and sustainability of their employee. So leader should encourage its counter employee that they apply these measures in daily life. Leader should also help the peer employ learn to do so (Orlemann. Eric. C, 2000). Transfer of knowledge- leader let it peer employ know about the various things going in the caterpillar by carrying out the meetings. Recoginisition of the employee-leader in caterpillar should find an employee who contributes a lot in the leadership of a company. Recruitment of a new talent-leader in a caterpillar recruits the new talent and makes them know about the goals and value caterpillar believes in so that they can be a future caterpillar leader (Leffingwell. Randy, 1994). Advocate and share success: leader in caterpillar shares success and accomplishments with its peer employees and advocate their rights in behalf of them in front of the top level of management Caterpillar believe that there leaders have following qualities which differ them from the rest of the industry leaders. These are urge for leadership, good command on language as well as they are self starter of in what so ever task they do. Leadership programme in Caterpillar Caterpillar gives training to its supervisors by placing them in the Caterpillar University College of leadership, so that they can understand and develop themselves for the different leader levels (Caterpillar, 2009). Caterpillar evaluates and tries to fill the gap between the existing leadership potential of a leader with the capability of leadership which caterpillar need to execute in its strategic vision (Caterpillar, 2009). Caterpillar recently introduced a course for its mid level and frontline leaders, which is known as six sigma course. This is basically employed to increase the efficiency and to reduce the time spent away from the job by leaders. In this leader were given class rooms lessons, proficiency and expertise practice. They were also taught about the caterpillar values and priorities. Caterpillar uses very distinct style to increase leadership among its leader. They call leaders from the different departments of company and make them debate on the specific problem, which they are facing currently. This kind of a debate leads to a solution. As a result leaders from different departments get knowledge, that how to tackle a problem. It also helps them in generating new idea, which is not only beneficial for their department but for other departments of company as well (Caterpillar, 2009). Caterpillar do not hire third party for training there leaders or supervisors (who will be future leader). They are been guided and taught by the high level management people, for example vice president or chief executive officer of a Caterpillar. As they believe that they are most respected people in the industry and they are the world class in their specific field (Development Dimension International, 2008). Team work in caterpillar Caterpillar believes that by working in the team they can achieve good results instead of working individually. They believe its good to share talent and knowledge with the employees we work with and live with. This will ultimately result in high productivity. Caterpillar believes that in teamwork there are number of members with different values and discipline, which will create a new idea. This can be helpful for company (Haddock. K Orlemann. E.C, 2001). As per S.P Robbins teamwork not only depends on the individual technical knowledge but it solely depends, how well they gel with one another (Robbins, 2005). Caterpillar applies teamwork, when they are manufacturing a same kind of a product or dealing with the other business entities then their own business. For example vendor development. As caterpillar is a multinational company with offices in so many countries, so they have to deal with various government regulations and economic policies this makes them form a team which provides flexibility to its manufacturing programme. Drawbacks in leadership and teamwork skills in Caterpillar as per me: Caterpillar still uses the taylorist model, in which the work is divided between the people. Which is of the same form of a work, they are been doing from the past many years. This does not upgrade their knowledge and innovation skills. Which s very important at the current situation, where there is uncertainty in market and lot of competition. As the employees need to perform repetitive work in a team, they will not be having the power of judgment and the skill of communicating socially. By making leaders debate on a problem, this can lead to a conflict between them. As all of them might be having different opinions and views. Caterpillar do not hire third party for the training of their leaders, they are trained by their seniors only. This kind of training is not successful as the leaders will not be able to know the various different ways, different leader think and tackle problems. Ways of increasing leadership skill in caterpillar Caterpillar needs to identify and recruit charismatic leaders. Who develops and visualizes the core vision. Who are willing to take the personal risk to achieve the pre determined vision, which they have set. At the same time, they are willing to react for its members need. For example John F Kennedy and Steve Jobs, they were the leaders who had these qualities and made their organization best among the best (Robbins S. P, Judge T. A, and Sanghi S, 2009). Caterpillar needs to customize the training and development program for its leader as per their needs and the requirement of organization. By seminars and speeches, leaders just get motivated. There is no effect on their performance. So there should be a customized training program. Caterpillar can apply a new technique to improve the quality of leadership among its leaders. In which they can pair highly skilled leaders with the newly elected leader and make them work for six to seven months. This will help the new leader to align his speed and skills with the highly skilled leader. This will ultimately increase the efficiency (Jared L. Bleak, 2007). Ways of increasing teamwork in Caterpillar Efficiency of teamwork can be increase if there are right people in a right team, with a right attitude. This can be judged by a job analysts appointed by an organizations (Harrington M. D, 1994). By making goal understand to each and every member of a team with the help of a flowchart or with Parteo chart, will result in a successful teamwork (Kattzenback. J and Smith. D, 1993). Caterpillar can increase the efficiency of teamwork by making members of each team, write goals and motive on their shirts. This will help them to create a positive environment and team spirit. For example General Electric practiced this and it resulted in a positive outcome (Harrington M. D, 1994). To increase the efficiency of teamwork, caterpillar needs to allow team members to make their own plan, inspect quality of work, of their own and plan their budget. This will make them committed to the Caterpillar (Larson. C and Lafasto. F, 1989). In teamwork, there are number of people from different backgrounds and culture. To minimize the chances of conflicts and individualism in a team. Caterpillar should organize get together events, where these members can socialize and build a strong relation. Caterpillar should start giving team incentives, as it will be beneficial in two ways. First it will induce team members to work hard to achieve the team goals. Secondly, there will be same incentive for each team member. So there will be no competition, there will be a atmosphere of cooperation and harmony (Cascio, 1995).

Northern Cascades National Park :: essays research papers

The purpose of this paper is to give you some background information on Northern Cascades National Park and to talk about the management techniques the park uses to preserve it. Northern Cascades National Park became a national park on Oct 2, 1968, when Lyndon Johnson sighed the North Cascades Act. Twenty years later congress designated 93% of the park as a Stephen Mater Wilderness. When congress declares an area as â€Å"wilderness,† it provides extra protection against human impact. Northern Cascades National Park is mostly used for backpackers and mountain climbers, who have little impact on the park. There is one gravel road open to the public that is in the park, but very few people utilize it. Each year Northern Cascades National Park receives about 400,000 visitors for recreational purposes. Native Americans were amongst the first to use this area. Four Indian tribes inhabited the Cascades; the Upper Skagits, Sauk, Suiattle, and Swinomish who were attracted to this area for its plentiful resources. By the 1770’s there was Euro American presence in the Cascades. The Euro Americans used this area to get furs and pelts for trading. The beaver, wolf, and grizzly bear were the most sought after pelts in the cascades, do to their abundance. Later many would come to mine the cascades, but there wasn’t much of what they were looking for. Northern Cascades National Park is about 684,000 acres and encompasses Ross Lake and Lake Chelan National Recreation Area. In today’s society there are very few wilderness areas that aren’t impacted by human activity like Northern Cascades National Park. Many areas within the park have had little human intervention. In many areas of the park the only human impact is coming form air and water pollution, which doesn’t sound good. But this is still a lot less impact than other parks receive. The Cascades stretch as far south as California and continues north to British Columbia. The cascade mountain range didn’t used to be part of North America, but millions of years ago it attached itself do to accumulation of sediment, colliding tectonic plates, and volcanic activity (www.north.cascades.national-park.com/info.htm). The Cascades is one of the youngest mountain ranges in the world and one of the fasting growing. Depending where you are in the park the climate can dramatically change. From the hundreds of small lakes and rivers that sculpt the lowlands to the mountain tops that reach up to 1000

Waiting for Godot Major Themes

Ralph Waldo Emerson, famous literary writer, once inscribed, â€Å"Much of human life is lost in waiting† (Richardson, 24). Individuals cannot escape the waiting in daily life even if they wished so. Waiting is inscribed into society, from waiting for a bus ride, beverages at a favourite coffee house, items to be checked out at a grocery store or simply, arriving to a location too early for an occasion to occur. In Samuel Beckett’s legendary play Waiting for Godot, the main characters Estragon and Vladimir obsess about waiting for the mysterious individual Godot to arrive. From this waiting, scholars have created many literary analysis of the play the most persuasive being political, religious and existentialist in nature. The Cold War took place over decades, beginning in 1947 and concluding in 1991. The word cold is not only used in the title of this war, but also inscribed deeply into it. The war did not feature guns, bullets and soldiers, instead the war was fought aloofly between communist countries in things like sport events, propaganda and technological opposition. The Cold War appears as a metaphor for many scholars in Waiting for Godot. The characters hold a lot of emotion but never seem to really do anything with it, except discuss it at length. More than once the word nothing is used. There is often â€Å"nothing to do† (Beckett, 13) and â€Å"nothing to show† (Beckett, 4) and the character’s world stays the same. Scholars also point to the play as being Marxist in nature. Godot is the Capitalist full of power and who separates himself from the working class, the other characters are the working class, without personal purpose or goals. Pozzo and Lucky serve as an example of the Marxism analysis as well, Pozzo illustrating that to the Capitalist to labour. â€Å"Pozzo is blind to what is happening around him and Lucky is mute to protest his treatment† (Hutching, 68) serves as evidence of this relationship. Political interpretations abound in this play as do religious ones. The character in which the play focuses on yet never makes an actual appearance is Godot. It is imperative for the religious examination of the play to note that the root word of Godot is God. Perhaps this is what spun the belief that Godot is a representation of God. Religious references are apparent in the play right from the beginning. Estragon asks Vladimir what he wishes from Godot and offers as a suggestion in his probing â€Å"A kind of prayer? † to which Vladimir replies â€Å"Precisely† (Beckett, 14). Estragon and Vladimir discuss religion and specific bible passages during their wait. For example, they speak about a biblical reference of two thieves. â€Å"Our Saviour. Two thieves. One is supposed to †¦ have been saved and the other . . . he searches for the contrary of saved) . . . damned† Vladimir states and when Estragon asks what the thief is saved from, Vladimir responds â€Å"Hell† (Beckett, 64). It is interesting to note that in the bible passage, both thieves are saved from hell and like the thieves, Estragon and Vladimir wish to be saved from what Estragon later claims is â€Å"hell† (Beckett, 89). God and Godot also share a physical attribute; both have beards. Lucky states that Godot has a â€Å"white beard† (Beckett, 43) and later, the character of the boy offers that Godot also has a beard. Beckett frequently disappeared â€Å"into a trance† (Knowlson, 401) when writing and many followers of the religious analysis have accepted this as evidence that Beckett was unaware of his attentions, thus influenced by a â€Å"higher power† (Knowlson, 232). Strong appointments to this are those who see the play as Existentialist in nature. Existentialism, as defined by Oxford English Dictionary is, â€Å"The individual's unique position as a self-determining agent responsible for the authenticity of his or her choices. † The central idea of existentialism is that humans are accountable for designing, implementing and adhering to their own destiny. Thus, destiny is not God made, it is person made. Estragon and Vladimir have decided to stay in the dreary physical setting of isolation and containment. Estragon seems to offer readers a deeper thought process then his quiet and reliant friend Vladimir. Vladimir states, â€Å"All I know is that the hours are long, †¦ under these conditions, and constrain us to beguile them with proceedings which – how shall I say – which may at first sight seem reasonable, until they become a habit†¦ you follow my reasoning? † (Beckett, 91). This quote is powerful, suggesting that filling one’s day with actions just to pass time such as removing a boot as Estragon did, is suitable for a short period but unacceptable for a long course of time. Although he states this, Vladimir does not leave the scene. Pozzo and Lucky, two of the three only people Estragon and Vladimir have contact with, have a slave and master relationship, but neither chooses to step outside this, instead the two characters grow deeply dependant on one another. Vladimir and Estragon go as far as to contemplate suicide, but do not proceed to do so. Thus, all the characters in Waiting for Godot, could live an altered life, with enhanced opportunities, but choose to stay frozen in the dark. under these conditions, and constrain us to beguile them with proceedings which – how shall I say – which may at first sight seem reasonable, until they become a habit. You may say it is to prevent our reason from foundering. No doubt. But has it not long been straying in the night without end of the abyssal depths? Academics have long linked Waiting for Godot and Beckett himself, to the existential movement. The greatest argument followers of the theory have is that Beckett never discloses Godot being a symbol of God, instead, he greatly declined the claim stating â€Å"that if by Godot I had meant God I would [have] said God, and not Godot† (Knowlson, 412). â€Å"Waiting is painful. Forgetting is painful. But not knowing which to do is the worse type of suffering†, Paulo Coelho, celebrated Brazilian author wrote. The internal and external suffering which Estragon and Vladimir seem spellbound in is dreadful yet alluring in the same instant. Dreadful because the characters and audience wait for relief and alluring because they are enticed about what could be but is not. The waiting in Waiting for Godot has long stood as a secrecy requiring solving and the theories of politics, existentialism and religion offer convincing analyses to this literary puzzle. No one but Beckett himself and perhaps not even him, comprehend the genuine significance of this play, thus, like Estragon and Vladimir, scholars and audiences alike are caught waiting for a conclusion that may never arrive.

Megalodon - The New Evidence

Megalodon - The New Evidence Does Megalodon: The New Evidence present a compelling case for the existence of this giant prehistoric shark? If youve just watched the encore of last years Megalodon: The Monster Shark Lives (retitled, for Shark Week 2014, Megalodon: The Extended Cut) you probably havent gotten your hopes up. Check back here for live updates during the show! 10:00 PM EST: Well, Discovery is sticking with the big lie. Megalodon: The Monster Shark Lives is still a documentary, Collin Drake is still a marine biologist, and Megalodon is still among us. Also, reaction in the scientific community was mixed, even though no reputable scientist has backed the show. Apparently, the soap opera actor who plays Collin Drake has furiously been pursuing leads for the past year, and Discovery has the temerity to sit him down opposite the shows host as if hes a genuine scientist. 10:03 PM EST: The phrase Lazarus taxon, as pronounced by Collin Drake, must have taken quite a bit of rehearsal. No, you cant adduce the existence of Megalodon from the (established fact) that coelacanths still prowl the worlds oceans. 10:06 PM EST: Basically, the documentary got my name out there, says Collin Drake, the only true fact stated on this show so far. Also, cute of Collin to make fun of viewers obviously photoshopped Megalodon snapshots, in light of Discoverys own photoshop shenanigans. 10:09 PM EST: Jake Shelton, who is he? A quick Google search is unproductive. If anyone has any leads, email me right away at dinosaursaboutguide.com. PS, that enhanced image of Megalodon chomping a whale is one of the most laughable effects ever seen on reality TV. 10:15 PM EST: New evidence from Collin Drake, from an unnamed U.S. government agency. A satellite photo near Sao Paolo, Brazil, looks like a giant oil spill. but is actually a swarm of microbes. And look, theres a 70-foot shark right nearby, captured in full (fake) silhouette! U.S. National Geospacial Intelligence Agency (yes, it really exists) media relations liaison Linda Strong weighs in. its fun to speculate, she says, but she wont play along with the Megalodon hoax. This one doesnt seem like an actress, she may actually be a genuine person! 10:26 PM EST: The guy who plays Collin Drake, Im afraid to say, isnt a very good actor. For some reason, hes talking about a whale with a century-old spear embedded in its hide, which seems to be veering a bit off track. But hey, Megalodon was as big as a giant whale, right? 10:30 PM EST: Mirena Malik, who is she? No evidence of her existence in Google. If shes really from the U.S. Geological Survey, she should be fired for sharing a table with Collin Drake and going along with this farce, though admittedly Collin is getting better at the scientific jargon. Malik says Megalodon would be the logical conclusion from the available evidence, so now Im thinking actress rather than geologist. 10:35 PM EST: Collin Drake unmasked, thanks to an alert correspondent! Hes Darron Meyer, a South African actor, whose profile you can see on IMDB. 10:40 PM EST: Its supposedly someone named Gavin Curring from the South African Department of Environmental Affairs. Refreshingly, he says Collin Drake is a phony, but not-so-refreshingly he then maintains that that fake South African charter boat disaster was caused by an orca rather than a Megalodon. No such person as Gavin Curring, according to a quick Google search, and the guy is an execrable actor. The depth of the Discovery Channels duplicity is truly amazing. 10:51 PM EST: Collin Drake was 100 percent sure he tagged Megalodon last year, but the shark supposedly dove to below 6000 feet. Stunning disclosure: Maybe it wasnt a Megalodon after all. Drake considered all the options, and using Occams Razor, he concludes that there are actually...wait for it....two Megalodons, not one, and theyre reproducing! 10:55 PM: Martin Isaacs, a researcher and filmmaker for the Australian Marine Biodiversity Project, which doesnt exist. Are you surprised that he agrees with Collin Drakes findings? Conditions are right for Megalodon to make a comeback. 11:00 PM: Good night, Megalodon. Good night, Collin Drake. I need to take a long shower. Â   Last year, to kick off Shark Week, the Discovery Channel aired one of the most shameful documentaries in the history of reality TV: Megalodon: The Monster Shark Lives. This two-hour extravaganza starred marine biologist Collin Drake, who was actually played by an Australian soap-opera actor, and had the gall to fabricate a fatal fishing-boat disaster off the coast of South Africa as if it were recorded fact. Essentially, the entire show was made up from start to finishbut enough unwary viewers were taken in that today, millions of people believe Megalodon still prowls the worlds oceans. (Read my review of this show.) Now its almost time for Shark Week 2014, and the Discovery Channel is at it again. Heres the blurb from the official website: In April 2013, a fishing vessel off the coast of South Africa was attacked, killing all on board. A TV crew documented Marine Biologist Collin Drake as he worked to determine the predator responsible. Megalodon: The New Evidence presents Shark Week viewers with shocking new evidence and interview footage.

Free Essays on African American Stereotypes In Literature

, the same myths which seem to plague African-Americans also plague the lives of many women and can be seen in some of the writings by authors who have been covered in class. Can either of the aforementioned statements be true? It is possible, especially when looking at the works of Zora Neale Hurston, William Faulkner, Henry James, and Kate Chopin. In order to understand the basic myths related to African Americans and how they are similar to the myths regarding women it is best to begin by examining the works of Zora Neale Hurston. Zora Hurston is an African-American writer who seems to endorse certain myths regarding the African-American race as well as myths regarding women. This type of endorsement coming from Hurston is rather extraordinary considering that Hurston comes from the age of the Harlem Renaissance and has an extensive educational background. Some of the myths which Hurston endorses include: Black men are lazy, blacks are ignorant, and women are submissive. Knowing that Hurston’s influence is from the Harlem Renaissance it is interesting how she portrays the various characters in her stories. Especially since, according to an in class presentation, â€Å"The Harlem Renaissance, also known as the Negro Movement, was a time in which all blacks were encouraged to participate in art and literature to increase awareness of the African-American culture. This was also a time when there was an increase in intellectual African-Americans.† With the increases intellect among the race, it is a wonder why Hurston chooses to depict characters such as Jelly and Sweet B... Free Essays on African American Stereotypes In Literature Free Essays on African American Stereotypes In Literature â€Å"†¦Afro-American writers have insinuated their countermyths into the dominant discourse by appearing to endorse myths they in fact seek to subvert.† (- Craig Warner) Craig Warner’s statement regarding African-American writers can also be said about writers who also seem to endorse myths regarding women that most women would prefer to undermine. In other words, the same myths which seem to plague African-Americans also plague the lives of many women and can be seen in some of the writings by authors who have been covered in class. Can either of the aforementioned statements be true? It is possible, especially when looking at the works of Zora Neale Hurston, William Faulkner, Henry James, and Kate Chopin. In order to understand the basic myths related to African Americans and how they are similar to the myths regarding women it is best to begin by examining the works of Zora Neale Hurston. Zora Hurston is an African-American writer who seems to endorse certain myths regarding the African-American race as well as myths regarding women. This type of endorsement coming from Hurston is rather extraordinary considering that Hurston comes from the age of the Harlem Renaissance and has an extensive educational background. Some of the myths which Hurston endorses include: Black men are lazy, blacks are ignorant, and women are submissive. Knowing that Hurston’s influence is from the Harlem Renaissance it is interesting how she portrays the various characters in her stories. Especially since, according to an in class presentation, â€Å"The Harlem Renaissance, also known as the Negro Movement, was a time in which all blacks were encouraged to participate in art and literature to increase awareness of the African-American culture. This was also a time when there was an increase in intellectual African-Americans.† With the increases intellect among the race, it is a wonder why Hurston chooses to depict characters such as Jelly and Sweet B...

Workplace and Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Workplace and Communication - Essay Example When one understands the basis of being satisfied with his job, the discussion of getting the work done in a good enough manner is very important. However, what is really required is a vision to do things the right way and keep all the employees and peers devoted to their respective work domains so that success within the work environments is ensured. When one discusses the factors of a positive work environment, the understanding of who creates such an environment is very necessary. This is because the workplace factors are usually changing all the time and do not require constant checks. What is indeed desired is an environment that shall make the employees feel at home with how they are treated and what kind of facilities they enjoy while doing their tasks or jobs. These employees should cultivate positive-ness from their own selves so that this could be reflected back in their work. But then again it is always easier said than done because it involves quite a few issues, most important of which are the reasons that can go ahead in asking for communicating the problems that the employees experience and feel that they can resolve with dialogue. Being positive is very necessary because it asks of the people to represent who they really are and what they can achieve. What is required is a proper framework to make sure that they r emain contented and stuck with what they are doing and without any problems whatsoever. This shall build ways and means through which success would eventually be attained within a workplace environment. Hard work is required to create positive-ness within a workplace environment because it will bring success for everyone. I think that employee interaction outside of the workplace environment actually helps the employees to grow and show who they really are. It makes them feel satisfied with their norms and routines, and allows for the development of

Comparative International Reporting (Accounting) Essay

Comparative International Reporting (Accounting) - Essay Example Financial reports should be understandable, relevant, comparable and reliable (New Zealand International Financial Reporting Standards.2008). Financial reporting as said earlier is mandatory in all countries irrespective of laws prevailing. Accounting reports are prepared according to laws or standards framed for this purpose. In New Zealand the Financial reporting standards board or the FRSB is responsible for developing, implementing and ensuring accounting standards in the country (New Zealand Equivalents to International Financial Reporting Standards. 2011). The FRSB forwards new accounting standards to the Accounting Standards Review board or the ASRB for approval. It also works along with the International accounting standards board. In New Zealand issuers of securities and large profit making reporting entities are required to fully comply with the international financial reporting standards. According to the financial reporting act of 1993, reporting entities includes busines s which issues securities under the securities act and companies and other entities whose legislation requires them to comply with the act of 1993. The financial reporting act of 1993, places obligations to all such organizations to prepare financial statements in compliance with the generally accepted accounting practice within five months of their financial year. Smaller companies except issuers of securities and overseas companies can comply with less stringent requirements up to the limit of justification on their costs. It is also mandatory for companies to audit their financial statements and to file them with the registrar of companies in the public register. Meanwhile small overseas companies are exempted from this condition. The 1993 act has established the ASRB with the prime purpose to approve financial reporting standards. The Institute of chartered accountants of New Zealand, a professional body is responsible for developing and submitting financial reporting standards to the board (Financial reporting law. 2010). Since the introduction of New Zealand eqvallent to the IFRS, all the entities have to work through ever changing and more complex requirements of reporting. These challenges have reached the point of height when the entities are required to prepare and submit their annual report to share holders and other stake holders. With regard to presentation of the income statement, the companies have two options. The financial statements are approved for the purpose of issue within a period for 65 days average for listed entities and 100 days for non listed entities. Financial statements make up nearly 60% of the annual report. According to NZ IAS 1 , a minimum and separate disclosure on the face of the income statement of revenue, finance costs, profit and loss share of associates and joint ventures accounted for using equity method, profit or loss and tax expenses. Even though there is no specific requirement to show operating expense on the sta tements, the NZ IAS1 gives a choice for companies to select presentation of services by function or by nature. The NZ IAS1 also requires inclusion of primary statements that show changes in equity. This can be due to changes arising other than from transactions with equity shareholders acting in their capacity and all changes in equity or SOCIE. With regard

SIOP component unit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

SIOP component unit - Essay Example In this case, the use of the right vocabularies is paramount. This is because; applying the right vocabularies, as a teaching mode ensures the learners obtains the desired understanding. The rightful use of vocabularies enhances academic excellence. This component entails the active participation of the learners in repeatedly synthesizing and applying the words learnt to ensure that they not only understand their meaning, but that they also know the words and vocabularies usability. Putting the word in different applications ensures that the learners are in a position to understand the context in which it is used better (Ajzen 1984). According to the Arizona Standards (2010), students are supposed to study both primary and secondary sources of information, analyzing and evaluating them. They should also be in a position to differentiate between the two sources. Such are the characteristics of the Building Background component of the SIOP. The strategies applicable under this componen t to enhance better understanding of the subject content by the learners are the substance summary strategies. According to the ELL standards for lesson plan, the students’ performance should be evaluated continuously, based on their ability to speak, read, and write. Here, the subject teacher will guide the students in reading some information regarding the subject in question. The teacher will then assist the learners in indentifying the core words and vocabularies of that piece of information. These words and vocabularies, being the substance of the topic in that subject are then applied to summarize the whole piece or topic into a few notes or paragraphs. It is through doing so, that the students will better understand the vocabularies usage in the topic, and the whole substance or content of that topic (Ajzen 1984). These strategies are well integrated with the above-mentioned component, in that the substantial words and vocabularies of a topic or piece of work are used as the basis of understanding the subject content. The strategies selected for application under this component well indicates that the learners will understand the content of their subject better, through having ample experiences and backgrounds. By indentifying the core words and vocabularies that are the substance of a reading, the learners obtain the desired experience in words and vocabularies usability, when they apply them in summarizing the content of the reading. Lesson plan: Standards: Research Skills for History according to Arizona Standards Strand 2: World History Concept 4: Building Background Topic: World History Concept 1: Research skills for history according to Arizona standards. Class: Lesson integrated to the understanding of World history well integrated to English language, through reading, writing, listening, and observing material artifacts. Date: January 27, 2012 Content Objectives: The learners will be in a position to understand and explain through oral an d written modes, what world history is and the relevant research skills for history. Arizona standards objective: The learners will, by the end of the lesson, be able to analyze, evaluate and differentiate secondary from primary sources of historical information. ELL objectives The teacher should continuously asses the students language ability through the way they

Internet Addicition Essay Example for Free

Internet Addicition Essay Much evidence has been alleged that social pathologies are beginning to surface in cyberspace (i.e., internet addictions). A lot of controversy is surrounding the question, is there proof that the internet is being abused and misused by individuals on an everyday basis and should we consider this to be a major mental health problem? Key Arguments: * Why do people have attachment insecurity and dissociation with their lives to make them choose to be disorganized, and allow a fantasy world to take over resulting in problematic internet abuse. * How information and communication technologies changing our way of interacting with reality. * What are the psychological symptoms involving disturbed relationships with technologies emerging, how some are more affected than others. * How different forms of related dependence behaviours, such as an addiction to social networking, cybersex, online gambling, or web-based role-playing games are affecting our need to be on the internet. * How some games reward achievements and goals making the cyber game goals more important of that than reality goals. * Does social media, such as Facebook, Twitter, Myspace and other forms of cyber communication have detrimental effects related to internet addiction. * Internet Gambling, main reasons for internet addiction, however not just costing their health but impacting finances and crippling family relationships. Critical Analysis Article 1: Reference (2) Researchers have begun to examine the personal and social consequences associated with excessive online involvement. The present study examined college students problematic Internet use (PIU) behaviors Its specific aim was to investigate the links between PIU with both internalizing (depression, social anxiety) and externalizing (substance use and other risky behaviors) problems. Article 2: Reference (4) There are many psychological factors surrounding the present issue of internet addiction, using evidence such as Social Networking Sites (SNS)e.g., facebook , twitter etc, Massive Multiplayer Online games and Internet Gambling as my three key topics. The aim is to provide a clear and concise method about how individuals who consistently spend their time on the internet are having detrimental effects on their physical, social and psychological life. Article 3: Reference (5) There is an increasing need for the provision of both internet addiction prevention and care for any sufferers, psychologist should be weary of the dangers of internet abuse when youth present with anti-social, aggressive behaviours. Socialization in girls may be warped towards online contact and the user may beneï ¬ t from providing alternatives. The aim is to focus on internet-related addictive behaviours and how to include the use of suitable diagnostic tools, a detailed personal interview, a mental health status examination and information regarding the overt behaviours gathered by the surroundings. I want to engage the reader to believe that internet addiction is a real mental health issue, that effects youth all the way to late adolescent, whether it be an addiction though games, gambling, social media etc, there is evidence to say that individuals influenced by this addiction are not progressing in life, because excess use of a cyber world has become a major part of their li ves or taken over their lives. Structure: – Evidence addiction in Video Games (Kuss, Daria J; Griffiths, Mark D. Studies): Main conclusions stemming from this source – Psychological Evidence to Addiction (Griffiths, M Study Gencer, S L Koc, M Study): Main conclusions stemming from this source – Evidence addiction to Social Networking Systems (Kittinger, R., Correia, C J., Irons J G Article): Main conclusions stemming from this source References Bozkurt, H; Coskun, M; Ayaydin, H; Adak, I; Zoroglu, S S (2013). Prevalence and patterns of psychiatric disorders in referred adolescents with Internet addiction. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. 67(5), pp. 352-359. De, L., Josepth, A. (2013). Problematic Internet Use and Other Risky Behaviours in College Students: An Applicationof Problem-Behaviour Theory. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 27(1), pp. 133-141. DOI: 10.1037/a0030823. Gencer, S L Koc, M. (2012) Internet abuse among teenagers and Its relations to internet usage patterns and demographics. Journal of Educational Technology Society. 15(2), pp. 25-36. Griffiths, M. (2010). Internet abuse and Internet addiction in the workplace. Journal of Workplace Learning, 22(7), 2010, pp. 463-472. Kittinger, R., Correia, C J., Irons J G (2012) Relationship Between Facebook Use and Problematic Internet Use Among College Student. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking. 15(6), pp. 324-327. Kuss, D J; Griffiths, M D., In ternet video game addiction: A systematic review of empirical research in the literature. Revue Adolescence. 30(1), 2012, pp. 17-49.

Us Vs Japans Education Essay -- Education

Us Vs Japan's Education Education is the foundation of a strong and productive individual as well as being the foundation for a strong and productive country. Any country that keeps its' people uneducated or does not help to educate them cannot hold them entirely responsible for their actions that result from their lack of education. The United States and Japan both feel very strongly about education and that they need to have well educated people. Both of these countries have educational systems that are similar in some ways and yet very different in other ways. Both the similarities and the differences of these two systems give light to how each of these countries go about educating its' people and how much each of these countries value education. The educational system in Japan has not always been the way it is today. In fact it went through the very drastic changes in the end of the eighteen hundreds and then again in middle of the nineteen hundreds; right after World War II. The Meiji government was the first imperial government and it came into power in 1868. This government had a relatively nonrestrictive textbook policy. Then in 1872 it passed the School System Law, but it still did not include a Textbook Compilation Bureau. In the 1880's, there was a surging of nationalistic sentiment among Confucian scholars and this group was led by Motoda (1818-91). Due to this feeling sweeping the country, Mori Arinori (1847-89) became Education Minister and under his leadership state control on what was taught and what was in textbooks tightened. Then there was the Imperial Rescript on Education of 1890. This document had three themes: that the foundation of the nation is Confucian Values, that the role of education is perfect... ...rent ways; ways that pander to the results they want. Bibliography: A. Education in Japan: A Century of Modern Development Ronald A. Anderson, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, 1975 I think that this is a very good source because it was put out by the U.S. Government. B. Education in Japan: A Source Book Edward R. Beauchamp and Richard Rubinger, Garland Publishing, Inc. New York & London, 1989 This was an excellent source because it was very unbiased and factual C. Dimensions of contemporary Japan: Education and Schooling in Japan Since 1945 Edward R Beauchamp Garland Publishing, Inc. New York & London, 1998 This source is also very good and it is very new, which is always a good thing D. The American School 1642-1993 Joel Spring McGraw-Hill Inc., 1994 This was very strait forward and factual, meaning it is a good source.

The Use of Deconstruction in Public Policy Formation Essay -- Problem

Deconstruction is a poststructural theory that has been applied with good results to such areas as Anthropology, Architecture, Critical Legal Studies, Graphic Design, and Literary Criticism. Our purpose is to introduce it into the practice of consulting in general, and public policy formation in particular. Several features of the recent work of Jacques Derrida (the Philosopher responsible for deconstruction) are relevant to our design of a Problem Tour. Problem A deconstructive approach to problem solving puts in question the concept of "problem" and the notion of "solution." "Problema can signify projection or protection, that which one poses or throws in front of oneself, either as the projection of a project, of a task to accomplish, or as the protection created by a substitute, a prosthesis that we put forth in order to represent, replace, shelter, or dissimulate ourselves, or so as to hide something unavowable--like a shield (problema also means shield, clothing as barrier or guard-barrier) behind which one guards oneself in secret or in shelter in case of danger. Every border is problematic in these two senses" (Derrida, 1993: 11-12). An allegorical definition of the effect of problem as shield is the scene in which the ghost of Hamlet's father, a "revenant," appears in full armor on the ramparts of Elsinor. The definition involves the fusion of a series of terms: advice, advise, adviser, advisory, visor. "To feel ourselves seen by a look which it will always be impossible to cross, that is the visor effect on the basis of which we inherit from the law. Since we do not see the one who sees us, and who makes the law, who delivers the injunction; since we do not see the one who orders 'swear,' we cannot identify i... ...ames the essence of tragedy. This dynamic continues today, and is the reason for the "urgency" of the emerAgency. WORKS CITED Benitez-Rojo, Antonio (1996), THE REPEATING ISLAND: THE CARIBBEAN AND THE POSTMODERN PERSPECTIVE, 2nd Ed., Trans. James E. Maraniss (Duke). Derrida, Jacques (1993), APORIAS, trans. Thomas Dutoit (Stanford). ____________ (1994), SPECTRES OF MARXS: THE STATE OF THE DEBT, THE WORK OF MOURNING, AND THE NEW INTERNATIONAL, trans. Peggy Kamuf (Routledge). ____________ (1997), POLITICS OF FRIENDSHIP, trans. George Collins (Verso). Peters, F. E. (1967), GREEK PHILOSOPHICAL TERMS: A HISTORICAL LEXICON (New York University). Poundstone, William (1992), PRISONER'S DILEMMA: JOHN VON NEUMANN, GAME THEORY, AND THE PUZZLE OF THE BOMB (Doubleday) Ventura, Michael, "Hear That Long Snake Moan," in SHADOW DANCING IN THE USA (Tarcher, 1985).

Compare the Effects of the Use of Different Narrative Voice in Miramar and Devil on the Cross Essay

In both Ngugi’s â€Å"Devil on the Cross† and Naguib’s â€Å"Miramar† we see a distinctive use of polyphony to convey both the political stances and social viewpoints of the authors. Although, the use of this literary technique differs between the two novels, the authors both have the same intention of persuading the reader to agree with their personal stand-point. Ngugi’s use of this literary narrative technique consists of describing the argument that he is attempting to put across to the reader, from the perspective of all of the characters to portray it in a light that leaves no room for reasonable doubt, where upon in â€Å"Miramar† Naguib manipulation of the narrative is more subtle at commenting upon the social class divides and barriers in the Egyptian society of the era in which it was written. To consider now, how this use of polyphony affects the readers of â€Å"Miramar† the aim of Naguib must first be questioned. Upon interpretation the character Zohra can be seen as a crucial part of the novel despite not having a section to narrate her side of the story. The reason for this could be that Naguib wanted to use Zohra as a symbol for his notion of an ideal, modern Egyptian. Being a religious Egyptian himself, there are evident influences of his native culture, in the representation of this ideal Egyptian, Zohra. However, this concept of Zohra being a semiotic for Egypt is not the only point to consider whilst interpreting the narrative structure’s impact; rather, it is the interaction between Zohra and the different narrators in the novel, that is crucial to analyse . This is especially important, as the different narrators are all from different backgrounds and can be clearly discerned as representations of the different Egyptian social classes. The intention of Naguib could most definitely be, to help the reader understand the varying lives of people from the different social classes in Egypt and the problems that arise because of these divides. An interpretation as to the reason why Zohra doesn’t have her own section to narrate could be because of the fact that, as stated previously, she is the symbol of Egypt, and quite simply she represents the struggle Egypt faces when fairly telling its own story. Instead of being given the chance to speak freely the novel is only told by people who have been influenced by the â€Å"Wafd† or â€Å"the revolution† or even the colonists, and therefore they are tainted, and no longer considered pure of mind. There is an unmistakable feeling of Naguib’s resentment towards the way â€Å"times have changed. This bitterness is especially impressed upon the reader regarding the new beliefs that people should be separated into social class groups and is present throughout the narrative of each character. Especially in Amer Wagdi’s narration, as the reader can almost imagine Naguib speaking in place of Amer when describing that they are foolish â€Å"obstacles† that separates Zohra from her love, Sarhan, because although â€Å"times have changed,† â€Å"young men haven’t changed†. In a similar style to Naguib, Ngugi also uses a female character to symbolise his country. In â€Å"Devil on the Cross† Wariinga is clearly intended to be interpreted by Ngugi as a symbol of Kenya and Ngugi has also, like Naguib, used the narrative to help enhance the symbolic interpretation of the interaction between Wariinga and the characters around her. However, Ngugi’s use of autobiographical narrative is highly differentiated from Naguib’s in the sense that Ngugi merges the narrative voice unnoticeably into the tone of the character in which he is focusing on. Ngugi does this especially in the â€Å"Matatu† chapter of the novel. This is a highly symbolic scene, used to portray the perspectives of each character, and these perspectives are particularly important as each character is an exemplary representation of the different social classes and backgrounds in Kenya. As this autobiographical narrative is used, it makes the reader empathise more and become more emotionally attached to the characters because they can relate personally, where as attempting to relate to the masses of people that these characters are representation would depersonalise the interaction Ngugi is trying to achieve between the reader and the story. Wangari, a character who is easily recognised as a symbol for the â€Å"Old Kenya† and the â€Å"Old Haraambe† is a clear example of this shift into an autobiographical narrative as her thoughts are written to the reader, revealing a greater insight into there character than is otherwise normal, this is particularly important as her saga tells the story of the Kenya before the colonists. It is through her history that the audience is able to discern the passionate feelings Ngugi holds of resentment towards the capitalist society that Kenya has become. Focusing more on this conviction of scorn held by Ngugi, the â€Å"Matatu† is also a vastly important chapter of â€Å"Devil on the Cross† because of its use of Socratic dialogue. Likewise to Naguib, Ngugi uses a character of his plot as a medium to express his feelings towards what his country has evolved to. Considering now Wangari, the poor, woman who, â€Å"wore no shoes† and â€Å"fought for [the] country’s independence† is definitely the mouthpiece for Ngugi as he himself has fought and is still fighting, even with this novel, for the independence of Kenya. Moreover, the juxtaposition of this Socratic dialogue is even more effective as it is placed in direct opposition to the materialistic, and greedy views of Mwaura, the foreign minded matatu driver who measures â€Å"Independence not [by the] tales about the past but the sound of money in one’s pocket†; a parallel with this character can clearly be drawn between him and one of the people in â€Å"Western suits,† who â€Å"took the devil off the cross. † Contrastingly, unlike Devil on the Cross, Miramar’s revolutionists, are not fighting the same cause, and are in fact met with the same praise as Wangari was by the rest of the Kenyan’s in the matatu. The revolutions of Miramar are, although quite central to the plot, often talked about but yet never given a voice of their own. These revolutionists goal in Miramar isn’t as simple as encouraging the revolution, however, they are in fact symbolic of the greater problems in Egypt, because the characters never verbally oppose the revolution (the problems in Egypt since the colonial occupation) as they are afraid of the outcome, however, in their hearts they know it will never work. Another crucial point in assessing the novel is the way in which Naguib manipulates the narrative is through the language used by each character helps to shift the tone of the narrative. It is crucial in understanding the feelings Naguib has towards this social class. For example, minor sentences showed in the free indirect discourse in the opening of Hosny Allam’s account helps to create a good impression to the reader of what this character’s temperament will be. The â€Å"progeny of whores† who â€Å"push you noses in the mud† described right in the opening paragraph is more than enough to nderstand that Hosny Allam is a bitter character. To interpret this further, the reader can also question accordingly, the social class in which Hosny Allam the â€Å"gentleman of property† represents and uses the portrayal of his character to interpret the feelings held by Naguib towards this social class. As Naguib has deliberately used mainly pejorative vocabulary in the syntax of Hosny’s it is clear that he wants the readers to dislike this character and therefore have negative feelings towards people of his class. In conclusion, after a close analysis of the literary techniques coinciding with the narrative structures and styles used by both Naguib and Ngugi, it is more than plausible to say that these two novels are both highly critical and greatly detailed in not only their poetic language used but the significant features of their intricately structured narrative and they more than achieve their aims of informing the world of their political stance against corruption.